World: Sustainable Agricultural Productivity Growth and Bridging the Gap for Small Family Farms

June 13, 2012, 1:17 am

≫ Next: Egypt: Tackling Egypt’s Rising Food Insecurity in a Time of Transition

Source: CGIAR, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Food Policy Research Institute, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN SG High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis, World Bank, World Food Programme

Country: World

Improving Agricultural Growth Critical to Global Food Security

A New International Organization Report to the G20 Highlights Need for Improving Agricultural Productivity

Jun 12, 2012

With a growing global population and rising incomes, global collaboration is urgently needed to ensure sustainable agricultural growth and food security. The issue of food security and development was first taken up at the 2010 G20 Summit in Seoul, with the 2011 G20 Action Plan providing further commitment to the goals of sustainable agricultural development. (For further information on the action items resulting from the 2011 G20 Summit, visit the Food Security Portal.)

Early in 2012 the Mexican G20 Presidency invited international organizations to examine practical actions that could be undertaken to sustainably improve agricultural productivity growth, in particular on small family farms. The preparation of this report, coordinated by the FAO and the OECD, is a collaborative undertaking by Bioversity, CGIAR Consortium, FAO, IFAD, IFPRI, IICA, OECD, UNCTAD, UN High Level Task Force on the Food Security Crisis, WFP, World Bank, and WTO.

The report, Sustainable Agricultural Productivity Growth and Bridging the Gap for Small Family Farms, reviews progress made on the commitments of the 2011 G20 Summit, including the creation of the Agricultural Market Information System. Looking forward to the 2012 summit, the report’s authors emphasize the role of investment and innovation in future research and technologies to aid the adoption of more productive and sustainable agricultural solutions. The report states that “substantially reducing trade and production distorting domestic support, improving market access opportunities, eliminating export subsidies and strengthening the disciplines on export restrictions will improve the enabling environment for investment and productivity growth.”

The report notes the critical role played by IFPRI research, drawing on the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index, the Statistics of Public Expenditure for Economic Development (SPEED) Database, and the work of ASTI, as well as IFPRI’s work on climate change, food prices and price volatility, agricultural development and the global fertilizer market structure.

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Egypt: Tackling Egypt’s Rising Food Insecurity in a Time of Transition

May 21, 2013, 1:42 pm

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Source: International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme, Government of Egypt

Country: Egypt

May 21, 2013, CAIRO – Poverty and food insecurity in Egypt have risen significantly over the last three years according to joint reports released today by the UN World Food Programme (WFP), the government’s Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

A report by WFP and CAPMAS found that an estimated 13.7 million Egyptians (or 17 percent of the population) suffered from food insecurity in 2011, compared to 14 percent in 2009. Food security exists when all people, at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their basic dietary needs. Data shows that between 2009 and 2011, some 15 percent of the population moved into poverty, twice the number who moved out of poverty. Data also suggests that rates of malnutrition, most notably stunting among children aged 6-59 months, are also on the rise.

“This increase in food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty rates has not happened overnight, during this year or even during the past year,” said WFP Egypt Representative and Country Director GianPietro Bordignon. “People’s inability to have adequate and nutritious food is largely attributed to rising poverty rates and a succession of crises from 2005 -- including the avian influenza epidemic in 2006, the food, fuel and financial crises of 2007–09 and a challenging macroeconomic context in recent years.”

Pockets of poverty and food insecurity have emerged in urban areas, where poverty increased by nearly 40 percent (from 11 to 15.3 percent) between 2009 and 2011. While rural Upper Egypt continues to have the highest poverty rate, at 51.5 percent of the population (double the national average), Greater Cairo has a larger number of poor and food-insecure people (approximately 3.5 million).

The average household spends 40.6 percent of its expenditure on food, rising to more than half for the poorest, who are therefore even more vulnerable to food price fluctuations. They buy less expensive, often less nutritious, foods. The findings of The Status of Poverty and Food Security in Egypt: Analysis and Policy Recommendations are based on analysis of the CAPMAS 2011 Household Income and Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS).

The figures also show that stunting in children under five years of age reached 31 percent in 2011 – above the World Health Organization (WHO) “high” range of 30-39 – up from 23 percent in 2005. Stunting, reflecting chronic malnutrition is irreversible and stops children reaching their full physical and mental potential. And in nine governorates across all regions in 2011, just over half of children under five were estimated to suffer from anaemia, classified as a “severe public health problem” by the WHO.

WFP and IFPRI also launched a joint policy paper, Tackling Egypt’s Rising Food Insecurity in Times of Transition which examines food subsidies. Losses across the baladi bread (subsidized traditional Egyptian bread) supply chain, for example, are estimated at 30 percent. The ration card system also suffers from poor and limited targeting; it covers close to 68 percent of the population, but excludes 19 percent of the most vulnerable households.

The paper concludes that while food subsidies have played an important role in protecting the poor from the impact of high food prices, they are not designed to resolve all poverty-related challenges. More targeted food security and nutrition interventions, as well as job-creation initiatives in poorer areas, are required. Reforms to the subsidy system to make it more efficient would allow for savings that could be invested in such interventions.

“Egypt will experience a triple win: fiscal savings, reaching the most vulnerable, and improved nutrition if the current subsidy system is restructured”, said IFPRI Research Fellow Clemens Breisinger. “The current system is not targeted to those who need it the most.”

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) seeks sustainable solutions for ending hunger and poverty. IFPRI was established in 1975 to identify and analyze alternative national and international strategies and policies for meeting the food needs of the developing world, with particular emphasis on low-income countries and on the poorer groups in those countries. It is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. www.ifpri.org.

WFP is the world's largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger worldwide. Each year WFP feeds more than 90 million people in more than 70 countries. www.wfp.org

The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) is the official statistical agency of Egypt that collects, processes, analyzes, and disseminates all statistical data and the Census. It is the official provider of data, statistics, and reports. www.capmas.gov.eg

Contact Information:

Sarah Immenschuh (IFPRI)

s.immenschuh@cgiar.org Tel: +1 202-862-5679

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Nigeria: Comprehensive food security and vulnerability analysis (CFSVA), July 2013

July 5, 2013, 12:10 pm

≫ Next: Bangladesh: Nutrition Education Is Key - WFP and IFPRI Reveal First Evidence On Most Effective Safety Net Transfers

≪ Previous: Egypt: Tackling Egypt’s Rising Food Insecurity in a Time of Transition

Source: International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Country: Nigeria

The Nigerian Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) provides an in-depth assessment of the food security situation within Nigeria. This is very important as it equips policymakers with timely and relevant information that will aid the targeting of interventions. Some of the most pertinent findings of the study are listed below:

Food insecurity and poverty are intricately linked. Some 29 percent of households in the poorest wealth quintiles have unacceptable diets (9 percent poor and 20 percent borderline) compared with 15 percent in the wealthiest (2 percent poor and 13 percent borderline).
The poorest livelihoods are found in agriculture. Seventy-seven percent of subsistence farmers are found in the two poorest wealth quintiles, as are 70 percent of mixed or cash crop farmers.
The general state of water and sanitation facilities available to households in all wealth categories is very poor, with consequent health implications. Forty-five percent of respondents do not have access to decent toilets, and 85 percent have no proper means of refuse disposal.
The vulnerable and food insecure are mostly found in rural areas and the North West and North East regions of Nigeria.
Most households in all regions and at all wealth levels purchase food, but rural households and poorer households (by wealth and livelihood) also rely heavily on own food production. Households in the poorest quintiles in both rural and urban areas rely on own production (32 percent rural and 24 percent urban). Wealthier urban households rely mostly on purchases, whereas own production is common at varying levels across all wealth levels for rural households.
Nigerians generally consume a starchy diet, but wealthier households can afford more nutrient-rich foods (including animal-based proteins) than poorer households. For instance, the wealthiest households consume meat, fish, and eggs an average of four days a week compared with only two days for the poorest households.
Most households protect vulnerable household members in terms of food allocations (women and children), but that may not hold in the poorest households where some difficult allocation decisions may have to be made.
Poorer households are more likely to engage in extreme coping strategies (like going a whole day without food) to deal with food shortages.

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Bangladesh: Nutrition Education Is Key - WFP and IFPRI Reveal First Evidence On Most Effective Safety Net Transfers

December 3, 2013, 12:33 pm

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Source: International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Country: Bangladesh

DHAKA – The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) today presented the first findings of a joint research initiative that explores which types of social safety net transfers work best for the rural ultra-poor. The research initiative is supported and guided by the Government of Bangladesh, and funded by Germany, the United Nations Development Programme, the United States and Switzerland.

The two year study, which will conclude mid 2014, seeks to determine the benefits of five different types and combinations of transfers – including cash, food, and nutrition education – with regard to three critical outcomes: household income, food security, and child nutrition.

“In Bangladesh, the majority of safety net interventions are food-based, but cash transfers are becoming increasingly important,” said Christa Räder, WFP Representative in Bangladesh. “This research initiative helps us understand which kinds of social safety net interventions are most effective in improving the food security and child nutrition in ultra-poor families. The findings will create valuable evidence for the Government and inform its social protection strategy.”

Mid-term findings suggest that nutrition education is critical in leveraging the benefits delivered from food and cash transfers. All participants emphasized that the monthly transfers helped them to feed their families and improve family welfare, but households who participate in nutrition education sessions consumed more -- and more diverse -- foods than those who only received food, cash or both. Participating households in the north-west of the country even showed a significant reduction of chronic child undernutrition (stunting), with those households performing best which have received the intensive nutrition education.

“This research initiative is the first of its kind, not only in Bangladesh, but globally,” said Dr. Akther Ahmed, lead researcher of the IFPRI team and Chief of Party of the IFPRI Policy Research and Strategy Support Program in Bangladesh. “Our preliminary results suggest that participation in the nutrition education sessions generates benefits beyond nutrition, presumably because these ultra-poor women got empowered in the training process,” he added.

The transfer modality research is being conducted in ten upazilas across Kurigram, Rangpur, Bagerhat, Bhola, Khulna, Patuakhali, and Pirojpur, reaching 4,000 ultra-poor rural households. Like in many social safety net programmes in Bangladesh women are the participants in this research as they ensure that their families benefit well. The research compares five different types of transfer, each equivalent to BDT1,500 per month:

• Food only (30 kg rice, 2kg mosur dal, 2 kg vegetable oil per month)
• Cash only (BDT1,500 per month)
• Food and Cash combined (15 kg rice, 1kg mosur dal, 1 kg vegetable oil and BDT750 per month)
• Food and Nutrition Education (weekly sessions)
• Cash and Nutrition Education (weekly sessions)

Cash transfers are made through mobile phone technology. Each woman was given a basic mobile handset, a SIM card, and those who receive cash transfers established a mobile bank account.

The nutrition education involves one-on-one counselling by a trained community nutrition volunteer as well as weekly group sessions which include other family members and influential community members. Using a range of tools and techniques including real-life examples, role plays and cooking demonstrations, they aim to improve knowledge, skills and behaviours in the areas of health, hygiene, sanitation and nutrition.

Social Safety nets are intended specifically for the poor, or those living near the poverty line, who are vulnerable to economic, social and physical shocks that can undermine their livelihood. In Bangladesh, a wide range of institutions provide assistance to the poor through social safety net programmes.

The Government of Bangladesh is in the process of finalising a comprehensive social protection strategy. In the fiscal year 2013-14, the government allocated over 25,371 crore taka (US$3.2 billion), more than a tenth of overall budget and representing 2.13 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP), to cover over 90 safety net programmes. Within this allocation, around 38 million people – or 8.5 million households – are covered by food security based social protection programmes and major employment generation and development programmes. For more information please contact:

IFPRI

Akhter Ahmed, Chief of Party, IFPRI-PRSSP/Bangladesh, Tel: +880-2- 989-8686; 989-3434, a.ahmed@cgiar.org Md. Shafiqul Karim, Communications Specialist, IFPRI-PRSSP/Bangladesh, Tel: 8801732-822411, m.s.karim@cgiar.org Web:www.ifpri.org

WFP

Christa Räder, Representative, WFP/Bangladesh, Tel. +880-2-9183022-33, christa.rader@wfp.org Cornelia Pätz, Public Information Officer, WFP/Bangladesh, Tel. +8801755642167, cornelia.paetz@wfp.org Web: www.wfp.org/countries/Bangladesh | Facebook: www.facebook.com/WFP.Bangladesh

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Democratic Republic of the Congo: République Démocratique du Congo: Analyse approfondie de la sécurité alimentaire et de la vulnérabilité (CFSVA) - janvier 2014

June 13, 2014, 6:45 am

≫ Next: Democratic Republic of the Congo: Democratic Republic of Congo - Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA), January 2014 [EN/FR]

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Source: Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Janvier 2014

Données collectées en 2011-2012

SOMMAIRE

Les organismes des Nations Unies en RDC ont formulé le Plan Cadre des Nations Unies pour l’assistance au Développement (UNDAF) pour la période 2013-2017. Le gouvernement de la RDC s'est engagé à collaborer avec les organismes des Nations Unies pour atteindre les objectifs énoncés dans l'UNDAF, en particulier en ce qui concerne les principaux piliers du deuxième document stratégique pour la croissance et la réduction de la pauvreté (DSCRP 2) qui définit une large gamme de priorités couvrant la période 2011-2015. En même temps, le PAM et d'autres organisations humanitaires continuent de répondre aux besoins des ménages touchés par l'insécurité alimentaire, la malnutrition et la faim grâce à leurs programmes respectifs.

Malgré l'énorme potentiel agricole du pays, la majorité de la population de la RDC reste largement exposée à l'insécurité alimentaire, la malnutrition et la faim. La RDC est l'un des rares pays africains qui ont un potentiel énorme pour le développement d’une agriculture durable (en millions d'hectares de terres cultivables potentielles, une diversité de climats, un important réseau hydrographique, une énorme potentiel halieutique et un potentiel important pour l'élevage. Pourtant, la RDC est classée parmi les Pays à Faible Revenu et à Déficit Vivrier (PFRDV). En termes d'Indice de Développement Humain, le PNUD a classé le pays au 187ème rang sur les 187 pays répertoriés en 2011. La situation de la sécurité alimentaire reste précaire ; l'enquête par grappes à indicateurs multiples (MICS) de 2010 a indiqué que 57,8 % des personnes vivant en RDC ont une consommation alimentaire pauvre ou limitée. Le rapport IPC (Phase Intégrée de Classification de la sécurité alimentaire) de novembre 2012 a estimé à 5,4 millions le nombre de personnes en situation de crise alimentaire aiguë. Selon le rapport de l'IFPRI de 2011, l'indice global de la faim (GHI) de la RDC a augmenté de 63 %, principalement à cause du conflit et de l'instabilité politique. Les résultats des récentes évaluations sur la sécurité alimentaire menées par le PAM dans la Province Orientale, le Nord et le Sud Kivu, le Kasaï Occidental, l’Équateur, le Maniema et le Katanga ont montré que, en moyenne, plus d’un ménage sur trois en RDC ont une consommation alimentaire pauvre ou limitée. Les évaluations récentes menées dans les zones touchées par le conflit armé au Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu et Katanga indiquent des taux de malnutrition aiguë globale dépassant le seuil d’urgence de 15 pourcent dans plusieurs zones.

Dans ce contexte, une analyse approfondie de la sécurité alimentaire et de la vulnérabilité (CFSVA) est destinée à fournir une meilleure compréhension de l'insécurité alimentaire et de la vulnérabilité des ménages ruraux dans tout le pays. Cette compréhension guidera l'élaboration de stratégies appropriées pour répondre aux besoins des personnes touchées par l'insécurité alimentaire. L'analyse actuelle aidera également à orienter les interventions du gouvernement, des agences des Nations Unies, dont le PAM et d'autres organisations humanitaires. Elle permettra aussi de mettre à jour les indicateurs de base sur la sécurité alimentaire utilisée par rapport à la précédente CFSVA conduite par le PAM et le gouvernement en 2008.

La CFSVA actuelle repose essentiellement sur l'Enquête d’Analyse de la Sécurité Alimentaire et de la Vulnérabilité menée auprès des ménages conçue et effectuée en 2011-2012 par le PAM en partenariat avec le Ministère de l'Agriculture, PRONANUT, l’INS, la FAO, l'UNICEF, les ONG, les membres nationaux et provinciaux du groupe pour la sécurité alimentaire.

L'enquête a été menée en 2011-2012 et a couvert 24 884 ménages ruraux dans 10 provinces.
Une approche par échantillonnage stratifié et à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour obtenir des estimations d'un ensemble d’indicateurs de sécurité alimentaires aux niveaux territorial, provincial et national.
Le présent rapport comprend des conclusions précises sur le nombre de personnes en insécurité alimentaire et vulnérables dans le pays, la répartition géographique des groupes souffrant d'insécurité alimentaire et vulnérables, leurs caractéristiques, leur capacité à gérer les chocs et les facteurs qui sont à la base de l'insécurité alimentaire et de la vulnérabilité. Il reprend les résultats supplémentaires de l'Enquête par grappes à indicateurs multiples (MICS 2010) et de l'Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS, 2007) afin de donner une image complète de l’insécurité alimentaire et de la malnutrition.

L'évaluation de l'état de sécurité alimentaire des ménages en RDC commence par l'analyse de la consommation en nourriture des ménages, qui est basée sur le score de consommation alimentaire (SCA) et complétée par l’indice de richesse et les stratégies de survie des ménages.

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Democratic Republic of the Congo: Democratic Republic of Congo - Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA), January 2014 [EN/FR]

July 6, 2014, 8:47 am

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Source: Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

This CFSVA report mainly builds on the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis household survey designed and implemented in 2011-2012 by WFP in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Nutrition Program, the National Institute of Statistics, FAO, UNICEF, NGOs, national and international members of the food security cluster. The survey covered 24,884 rural households in 10 provinces. A stratified and multi-stage sampling approach was used to provide estimates of a set of food and nutritional security indicators at the provincial and national levels.

This report includes specific findings on the number of food insecure and vulnerable people in the country, the geographic distribution of the food insecure and vulnerable groups, their characteristics, their capacity to manage shocks, and the driving forces of food insecurity and vulnerability.

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World: 25 organizaciones e instituciones impulsan una campaña para empoderar a las mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes frente a la pandemia

July 30, 2020, 3:17 am

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≪ Previous: Democratic Republic of the Congo: Democratic Republic of Congo - Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA), January 2014 [EN/FR]

Country: World

Sources: Government of Mexico, Government of Chile, World Bank, International Organization for Migration, International Food Policy Research Institute, UN Development Programme, International Fund for Agricultural Development, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, World Food Programme, UNIDO, Government of Uruguay, Government of Argentina, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, UN Women, SICA

58 millones de mujeres viven en zonas rurales de América Latina y el Caribe; una parte importante de ellas juega un rol central en la producción y abastecimiento de alimentos.

Santiago, Chile. – Veinticinco instituciones de gobierno, instancias de cooperación internacional, centros de investigación, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y entidades privadas de toda América Latina, además de agencias y programas de Naciones Unidas, lanzaron hoy la quinta edición de la campaña #MujeresRurales, mujeres con derechos.

La campaña regional de comunicación, liderada por la FAO, busca reconocer las formas de organización, los conocimientos, capacidades y las necesidades urgentes de las mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes de la región, acrecentadas por la pandemia de COVID-19.

Las 25 organizaciones e instituciones destacaron el rol central que juegan las mujeres rurales en la producción, abastecimiento y comercialización de alimentos, así como en la preservación de conocimientos y saberes tradicionales.

Las mujeres rurales continúan trabajando para responder a la demanda de alimentos en las ciudades, comunidades rurales y en sus propias familias.

No obstante, muchas de ellas enfrentan serias limitaciones para acceder a recursos productivos, como la tierra, el agua, insumos agrícolas, financiamiento, seguros y capacitación, además de diversas barreras para colocar sus productos en los mercados; esta situación puede llegar a ser aún más compleja para las mujeres indígenas y afrodescendientes.

Además, muchas de ellas trabajan de manera informal, por lo que no cuentan con mecanismos de protección social, que hoy se han vuelto una necesidad fundamental.

En América Latina y el Caribe, donde el hambre ha alcanzado a 47,7 millones de personas en 2019 –cifra que podría llegar a casi 67 millones para 2030, incluso sin considerar el impacto de la pandemia–, la quinta edición de la Campaña busca difundir información y propuestas de soluciones para la situación de las mujeres rurales, con énfasis en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, en la reducción de la pobreza, en la eliminación de la violencia de género, así como apoyar las políticas públicas que impulsan las instituciones de gobierno en los países para atender esta situación.

La sobrecarga de trabajo

Desde antes de la pandemia, las mujeres rurales enfrentaban una gigantesca sobrecarga de trabajo no remunerado, labores productivas, familiares y domésticas por las cuales no reciben pago alguno.

Los desafíos de la pandemia no han hecho más que complejizar esta situación, pues además de sus actividades productivas, las mujeres deben dedicar una mayor parte de su tiempo a cuidar de niñas y niños que dejaron de ir a la escuela, y a atender a personas enfermas y de la tercera edad.

A esta situación crítica, se suman los recientes reportes sobre posibles incrementos de la violencia de género, a raíz de las necesarias medidas sanitarias y de aislamiento social que se han implementado en los países de la región para hacer frente a la pandemia.

Una alianza de alto nivel para avanzar junto a las mujeres rurales

La campaña busca visibilizar a las mujeres como guardianas e impulsoras del desarrollo sostenible, en línea con la Agenda 2030 para no dejar a nadie atrás.

Asimismo, busca sumar esfuerzos y continuar avanzando en la implementación de políticas y programas públicos y privados intersectoriales que reconozcan y actúen sobre los desafíos que enfrentan las mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes, colocándolas al centro de las estrategias de desarrollo sostenible.

Las instituciones que organizan la quinta edición de la campaña son:

Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura – FAO
Alianza de Cónyuges de Jefes de Estado y Representantes – ALMA
Banco Mundial
Centro Latinoamericano para el Desarrollo Rural – RIMISP
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe – CEPAL
Consejo Indígena de Centro América – CICA
Enlace Continental de Mujeres Indígenas de las Américas – ECMIA
Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola – FIDA
Fundación Microfinanzas BBVA
Fundación Promoción y Desarrollo de la Mujer de Chile – PRODEMU
Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura – IICA
Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias – IFPRI
Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas de México
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria de Argentina
Ministerio de Ganadería, Pesca y Agricultura de Uruguay
Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos – ACNUDH
ONU Mujeres
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial – ONUDI
Organización Internacional para las Migraciones – OIM
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo – PNUD
Programa Mundial de Alimentos – WFP
Reunión Especializada de Agricultura Familiar del Mercosur – REAF Mercosur
Secretaria de Agricultura Familiar y Cooperativismo de Brasil
Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile
Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana – SICA

Formas de sumarse a la campaña

Las instituciones que trabajan en el empoderamiento de mujeres rurales en América Latina y el Caribe pueden sumarse a la campaña mediante el siguiente registro. Así también, pueden seguir y difundir las historias y contenidos en Twitter, Facebook e Instagram.

Lista de reproducción: #MujeresRurales hacen frente a la pandemia de COVID-19

https://bit.ly/MujeresRuralesyCOVID19

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World: Mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes: agentes claves para estrategias efectivas de recuperación post-pandemia

October 16, 2020, 1:02 am

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Country: World

Sources: World Bank, International Organization for Migration, International Food Policy Research Institute, UN Development Programme, International Fund for Agricultural Development, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, World Food Programme, UNIDO, UN Human Rights Council, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, UN Women, SICA

28 organizaciones de América Latina y el Caribe hicieron un llamado a empoderar a las mujeres para combatir el alza de la pobreza y el hambre debido al COVID19.

Santiago de Chile, 15 de octubre de 2020 - Con motivo del Día Internacional de las Mujeres Rurales, que se celebra hoy 15 de octubre, 28 organizaciones y entidades públicas, privadas y multilaterales hicieron un llamado a empoderar económicamente a las mujeres para revertir el alza de la pobreza y el hambre debido al impacto de la pandemia en América Latina y el Caribe.

Según la CEPAL, la pobreza extrema en zonas rurales podría alcanzar el 42%, una cifra completamente inédita. De acuerdo con estas estimaciones, 10 millones de habitantes rurales –de los cuales casi 6 millones son mujeres– podrían entrar a una situación donde los ingresos no son suficientes siquiera para cubrir necesidades alimentarias básicas.

Durante la pandemia, las mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes que trabajan en el mundo rural continuaron sus labores para responder a la demanda de alimentos en las ciudades, en las comunidades rurales y en sus propias familias.

Sin embargo, realizan sus actividades productivas enfrentando desigualdades como el trabajo informal, la sobrecarga de labores domésticas no remuneradas, la dificultad para acceder a recursos productivos como la tierra, el agua, insumos agrícolas, financiamiento, seguros y capacitación.

También enfrentan barreras para comercializar sus productos en los mercados, además del incremento de la violencia de género que se ha visto durante la pandemia en los países de la región.

Por eso las 28 organizaciones que impulsan la campaña #MujeresRurales, mujeres con derechos, llaman a promover la autonomía económica de las mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes, mediante el desarrollo de regulaciones, políticas y programas que les permitan acceder de manera equitativa a recursos productivos, a la protección social, a la capacitación y, sobre todo, volviéndolas parte activa en las decisiones que afectan su futuro, el de sus familias y comunidades, durante la recuperación post-pandemia.

Una recuperación de la mano de las mujeres rurales

Según la FAO, el actual contexto demanda una enérgica reacción política, estatal, intersectorial y de la cooperación al desarrollo, a partir de la cual la región ha de ser capaz de responder a la urgencia y, al mismo tiempo, avanzar hacia un ejercicio igualitario de los derechos de mujeres y hombres, como única vía para transformarnos en sociedades más equitativas y resilientes.

Para que las estrategias de recuperación post-pandemia sean efectivas, junto a las mujeres rurales, es necesario:

- Valorar e incluir el enfoque de género como un elemento fundamental en las estrategias de respuesta a la pandemia.

- Garantizar diagnósticos desagregados por sexo, edad, grupo étnico, ubicación geográfica y modalidad de empleo, que permitan estimar en mayor medida la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones rurales.

- Potenciar la cobertura de los programas y proyectos de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, a fin de atender las necesidades alimentarias urgentes de los sectores más vulnerables.

- Impulsar la articulación de programas productivos, de protección social y de fortalecimiento de capacidades orientados a la agricultura de pequeña escala.

- Invertir en el liderazgo de las mujeres e involucrarlas en las estrategias de respuesta.

- Considerar como un pilar prioritario de la reactivación económica a la instalación de sistemas de cuidado, educación, alimentación escolar y reducción de la violencia de género.

- Activar circuitos locales de abastecimiento y comercialización de alimentos y promover la inclusión de las mujeres productoras.

- Promover acciones conjuntas con el sector privado, a fin de desarrollar programas que garanticen su acceso al empleo decente y la protección social.

Datos recientes de interés

De acuerdo con proyecciones recientes de la CEPAL, 6 millones de mujeres rurales podrían caer en la pobreza extrema.
8,4% de las mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe experimentan inseguridad alimentaria severa, en comparación con el 6,9% de los hombres (FAO, 2018).
37 países y territorios de la región han cerrado sus escuelas, lo que implica que al menos 113 millones de niñas, niños y adolescentes se encuentran en sus casas, necesitados de 24 horas diarias de atención (UNESCO, 2020).
Cerca de 85 millones de niños y niñas de edad escolar primaria dejarían de recibir alimentos en las escuelas, recalcando que, para 10 millones de ellos, la comida de la alimentación escolar era quizás el único medio para una alimentación saludable (FAO, 2020).
Las tareas de cuidado de niños y niñas tradicionalmente recaen en las mujeres, quienes tienen a su cargo el 76,2% de todas las horas del trabajo de cuidado no remunerado, más de tres veces de las que son responsables los hombres. (Wenham, Smith y Morgan, 2020).
Las tensiones dentro del hogar asociadas a la obligación de quedarse en casa están aumentando el riesgo de violencia de género para mujeres y niñas, como ya se ha documentado en varios países de la región (ONU Mujeres, 2020).

Organizaciones que conforman la campaña #Mujeres rurales, mujeres con derechos

Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura – FAO
Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos Humanos – ONU Derechos Humanos
Banco Mundial
CEPAL
Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola – FIDA
ONU Mujeres
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial – ONUDI
Organización Internacional para las Migraciones – OIM
Programa Mundial de Alimentos – WFP
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo – PNUD
Alianza de Cónyuges de Jefes de Estado y Representantes
Reunión Especializada de Agricultura Familiar del Mercosur
Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana
Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura – IICA
Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias – IFPRI
Centro Latinoamericano para el Desarrollo Rural – RIMISP
Observatorio del Derecho a la Alimentación en América Latina y el Caribe – ODA
Consejo Indígena de Centro América – CICA
Enlace Continental de Mujeres Indígenas de las Américas, Región Centroamérica – ECMIA
Movimiento Agroecológico de América Latina y el Caribe – MAELA
Fundación Microfinanzas BBVA
Frente Parlamentario contra el Hambre de América Latina y el Caribe
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria – Argentina

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Sahel Social Cohesion Research in Burkina Faso and Niger

May 18, 2023, 4:22 am

≫ Next: Burkina Faso: Les programmes de résilience du PAM au sahel servent de rempart contre l'instabilité et favorisent la paix et la cohésion sociale - selon une étude

≪ Previous: World: Mujeres rurales, indígenas y afrodescendientes: agentes claves para estrategias efectivas de recuperación post-pandemia

Countries: Burkina Faso, Niger

Sources: International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Please refer to the attached files.

Executive Summary

Intervention Context: WFP’s activities in Burkina Faso and Niger focus on fragile agrarian communities in the Sahel, where cyclical floods and droughts combine with decreasing soil fertility and increasing desertification, among other challenges, to aggravate food and livelihood insecurity.

Increased competition for land for food crops and pastures as well as water for domestic, productive, and livestock use, intensify conflicts over ownership and usage rights for land and the commons such as forests. in particular, this competition has heightened conflicts between farmers and herders. Layered on these localized conflicts are recent increases in human safety and security concerns related to the spread of attacks by violent extremist groups across the eastern flanks of both countries. The increasing frequency and intensity of these attacks have led to the loss of lives, property, and the displacement of large groups of people. The attendant deepening of food, livelihood, and human insecurities has contributed to a rural exodus of men and women to cities and other economic enclaves in search of alternate sources of food and income. The arrival of displaced persons fleeing the attacks has increased pressure on already limited food stocks and other assets of host communities. COVID-19 added another layer of vulnerability. In addition to the disease burden, lockdowns and restrictions on the movement of persons affected the ability of communities to travel to engage in nonfarm economic activities for supplementary income and food. This greatly affected the food and livelihood security systems of the populations in these already impoverished and fragile communities.

WFP’s Response: WFP’s interventions in Burkina Faso and Niger have aimed to support affected communities to rebuild their assets through collective rehabilitation of lands, water resources, soil fertility improvement, and reforestation of barren lands. These asset creation activities are part of an integrated package of resilience activities that also include school feeding, nutrition interventions, support for smallholder farmers to access markets, and capacity strengthening of government partners.

By expanding availability and access to quantitatively and qualitatively improved natural resources through land reclamation and soil fertility improvement initiatives, it was hoped that WFP’s assets creation initiatives would ease competition, tensions, and conflicts over natural resources in the participating communities. It was also hoped that the initiatives would contribute to improved equity in the allocation of and access to natural resources. In addition, WFP’s supply of improved seeds and support for the development of off-season gardening expanded opportunities for increased food production and supplementary income-generating capacities for the participating households. Beyond these goals, WFP received anecdotal evidence of social cohesion building beginning to take place in its project communities. However, no hard evidence existed to either validate or rebut these anecdotes.

Purpose and Objectives of Research: This research was commissioned to “…investigate and identify the exact programming nuances and conditions under which social cohesion within communities is likely to be strengthened while unintended tensions and new sources of conflict can be avoided” (WFP, 2021, ToR, p. 2). Specific lines of inquiry were: How do WFP’s activities i) increase the availability of and more equitable access to natural resources across socioeconomic and demographic identity lines;

ii) facilitate intra- and intercommunity dialogues that improve communal management of natural resources; iii) improve equity in the distribution and use of rehabilitated and created assets; and iv) contribute to the development of good practices that can be replicated in other settings?

Data Sources and Collection Methods: Desk review of relevant literature and reports provided the framework for the design of the study and the protocols. Primary data collection was carried out in 28 provinces in the two countries between February and March 2020, using key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and a mini-survey. Section 2.2 below provides the detailed distribution of study participants by data collection methods and by country.

Data Collation and Analysis: The qualitative data from the different sources were blended and analyzed using an open coding process, while the data from the mini-survey were analyzed using SPSS and Excel.

Limitations: For logistical, safety, and other reasons, data collection was restricted to communities in which WFP has interventions and to persons involved in some way in the implementation of the activities. This excluded external (nonparticipant) perspectives on how WFP’s activities may or may not have contributed to social cohesion building, which limits the interpretation and generalizability of the findings. These limitations notwithstanding, the findings in this study point to important contributions that the activities of WFP and partners have made to (re)building social cohesion in communities that participated in their activities.

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Burkina Faso: Les programmes de résilience du PAM au sahel servent de rempart contre l'instabilité et favorisent la paix et la cohésion sociale - selon une étude

June 21, 2023, 6:43 am

≫ Next: Algeria: Addressing Irregular Migration through Principled Programmatic Approaches: Examining the West Africa Route and WFP Operations

≪ Previous: Sahel Social Cohesion Research in Burkina Faso and Niger

Countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger

Sources: International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

DAKAR - Les efforts du Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM) des Nations Unies pour renforcer la résilience aux chocs climatiques et aux facteurs de stress d'origine humaine ont permis de stimuler la sécurité alimentaire, tout en renforçant la cohésion sociale et en améliorant les perspectives de paix au Burkina Faso et au Niger - c'est ce que révèle une nouvelle étude.

Le rapport intitulé " Recherche sur la cohésion sociale au Sahel au Burkina Faso et au Niger" a été réalisé par le PAM, l'Institut international de recherche sur les politiques alimentaires (IFPRI) et l'Institut pour la paix et le développement (IPD). Il révèle que le soutien du PAM à la réhabilitation des terres pour la production de cultures et de fourrage contribue à renforcer le dialogue et la coexistence pacifique au sein et entre différents groupes identitaires, ainsi qu'entre les communautés et leurs dirigeants au Burkina Faso et au Niger. Ces deux pays font partie d'un programme régional de renforcement de la résilience promu par le PAM, qui couvre ces deux pays du Sahel ainsi que le Mali, la Mauritanie et Tchad. Les deux pays sont parmi les plus vulnérables structurellement et les plus touchés par l'insécurité alimentaire en Afrique de l'Ouest.

"Les conflits - l'un des principaux facteurs de la faim au Sahel - ont connu une escalade spectaculaire ces dernières années. Ce rapport révèle que les actions de renforcement de la résilience constituent une protection efficace contre l'augmentation de la faim et l'instabilité croissantes dans la région", a déclaré Margot Van Der Velden, Directrice Régionale adjointe du PAM pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest.

La région du Sahel - une vaste zone au sud du désert du Sahara - est confrontée à une insécurité alimentaire aiguë, à la malnutrition, à un accès limité aux services sociaux, à des niveaux élevés de conflits et de déplacements, à l'instabilité politique, aux chocs économiques et aux menaces environnementales telles que la dégradation des sols et l'impact de la crise climatique. Les conflits restent l'un des principaux moteurs de l'insécurité alimentaire dans la région du Sahel, avec une augmentation alarmante des événements violents et des conflits armés au cours des dernières années. L'analyse de la sécurité alimentaire du Cadre Harmonisé de mars 2023 prévoit que plus de 10,2 millions de personnes dans les pays du Sahel - soit une personne sur dix dans la région - auront un accès irrégulier à des aliments sains et nutritifs pendant la période de soudure de juin-août 2023.

En réponse, le PAM a considérablement renforcé ses efforts en matière de résilience depuis 2018, en étroite collaboration avec les gouvernements nationaux, les communautés locales et les organisations à travers le Burkina Faso, le Mali, la Mauritanie, le Niger et le Tchad. En seulement quatre ans, les initiatives de résilience du PAM ont bénéficié à plus de trois millions de femmes, d'hommes et d'enfants dans plus de 2 800 villages. De plus, ces initiatives ont permis de restaurer 220 000 hectares de terres, ce qui équivaut à la superficie de 308 500 terrains de football.

En collaboration avec ses partenaires, le PAM encourage l’adoption de pratiques agricoles durables et la construction d'infrastructures résistantes au climat afin de résoudre les problèmes de dégradation des terres, de déforestation, de diminution des pâturages et d'épuisement des sources d'eau. Ces problèmes engendrent une compétition pour les ressources et entraînent la migration des personnes et du bétail vers des zones plus favorables.

L'étude souligne l'impact des interventions du PAM sur le renforcement de la résilience des communautés vulnérables face à divers chocs et facteurs de stress, tout en favorisant la cohésion sociale et la paix au sein des communautés participantes et entre elles. Le rapport démontre comment la planification et la gestion participatives des activités du programme ont créé des espaces de dialogues et ont permis de développer une vision commune au sein des communautés, entre elles, avec les chefs communautaires, les chefs traditionnels, ainsi qu’avec et les services gouvernementaux infranationaux.

"Il est urgent de créer une approche plus holistique et à long terme des réponses aux crises alimentaires en s'appuyant sur les innovations existantes et en explorant de nouvelles solutions. Les réponses traditionnelles se sont concentrées sur l'aide humanitaire et l'aide alimentaire d'urgence, mais les crises plus fréquentes, aggravées et prolongées nécessitent des solutions plus durables et à long terme", a déclaré Samuel Benin, directeur adjoint du bureau régional pour l'Afrique de l'IFPRI.

"Cette étude met en évidence que la structuration des programmes de renforcement de la résilience peut favoriser la cohésion sociale, contribuant ainsi à réduire les cycles de conflit. L'approche qualitative utilisée dans cette étude identifie les façons dont les activités du PAM ont contribué à la cohésion sociale et jette les bases d'autres études à plus grande échelle", a-t-il ajouté.

Les activités de résilience du PAM ont favorisé une interaction continue entre des individus et des groupes d'identités diverses, contribuant ainsi à réduire les stéréotypes et les suspicions tout en renforçant les liens au sein des communautés et entre elles. Cette approche collective a renforcé la confiance entre les différents groupes ethniques, religieux, socio-économiques, de genre et d'âge, ainsi qu'entre les communautés d'accueil et les communautés déplacées. Ces efforts témoignent de l'engagement du PAM à promouvoir la confiance, le respect, la tolérance, la solidarité et l'égalité des opportunités au sein des communautés vulnérables.

Par exemple, les initiatives de résilience du PAM ont contribué à améliorer les relations entre les agriculteurs et les éleveurs. Les activités de création d'actifs axées sur la restauration des environnements dégradés ont permis une meilleure gestion et un meilleur approvisionnement des ressources naturelles, réduisant les conflits entre ces deux groupes. Cela a favorisé l'établissement de relations symbiotiques bénéfiques pour les agriculteurs et les éleveurs. De même, les engagements conjoints dans des activités de résilience ont renforcé l'intégration des populations déplacées au sein des communautés d'accueil, en soutenant les tendances préexistantes d'entraide envers les nouveaux arrivants et en favorisant un sentiment d'appartenance.

Les femmes participant à des activités de subsistance et de nutrition ont exprimé un sentiment d'autonomisation et des liens plus étroits avec les chefs de la communauté. Leur implication accrue aux processus décisionnels et à la vie économique a fait prendre conscience du rôle essentiel des femmes dans le développement de la communauté, ce qui a conduit à une plus grande acceptation, un plus grand respect et une plus grande inclusion.

Enfin, l'étude souligne que les initiatives de résilience ont ouvert de nouvelles opportunités économiques, réduisant l'émigration, augmentant l'implication des jeunes dans la vie de la communauté et renforçant la confiance entre les générations.

Note aux rédacteurs :

Lire le document de travail complet (Anglais) :

https://www.ifpri.org/publication/sahel-social-cohesion-research-burkina-faso-and-niger-working-paper

Lire la note de recherche (Anglais) :

https://www.ifpri.org/publication/sahel-social-cohesion-research-burkina-faso-and-niger-research-brief

Lire le résumé du PAM en 4 pages (Français) :

docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000150403/download/?_ga=2.256775243.131203291.1687160892-1182795656.1644395893

**Vidéo explicative du programme de résilience au Sahel du PAM (Anglais): **https://twitter.com/WFP/status/1667849162719731716?s=20

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Le Programme Alimentaire Mondial des Nations Unies est la plus grande organisation humanitaire au monde, sauvant des vies dans les situations d'urgence et utilisant l'assistance alimentaire pour construire un chemin vers la paix, la stabilité et la prospérité pour les personnes qui se rétablissent des conflits, des catastrophes et de l'impact du changement climatique.

Suivez-nous sur Twitter @wfp_media et @WFP_WAfrica

L'Institut international de recherche sur les politiques alimentaires (IFPRI) propose des solutions politiques fondées sur la recherche pour réduire durablement la pauvreté et mettre fin à la faim et à la malnutrition. La recherche stratégique de l'IFPRI vise à identifier et à analyser des stratégies et des politiques internationales et nationales alternatives pour répondre aux besoins alimentaires et nutritionnels dans les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire, en mettant l'accent sur les groupes pauvres et vulnérables dans ces pays, sur l'équité entre les sexes et sur la durabilité. L'IFPRI est un centre de recherche du CGIAR, un partenariat mondial engagé dans la recherche agricole pour le développement. www.ifpri.org

CONTACT

Pour plus d'informations, veuillez contacter (adresse électronique : prenom.nom@wfp.org) :

George Fominyen, WFP/ Rome, Mob. +39 3499336721

Djaounsede Madjiangar, WFP/Dakar, Mob. + 221 77 639 42 71

Interviews available with experts in English, French and German.

Demandes de renseignements à la presse de l'IFPRI: Evgeniya Anisimova, IFPRI, e.anisimova@cgiar.org, +1 (202) 627 4394

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Algeria: Addressing Irregular Migration through Principled Programmatic Approaches: Examining the West Africa Route and WFP Operations

July 18, 2023, 5:32 am

≫ Next: Peru: Social Protection Pathways to Nutrition Synthesis report (August 2023)

≪ Previous: Burkina Faso: Les programmes de résilience du PAM au sahel servent de rempart contre l'instabilité et favorisent la paix et la cohésion sociale - selon une étude

Countries: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, Niger, Tunisia

Sources: International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Please refer to the attached file.

Executive Summary

The World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) collaborated on research analysing the drivers, profile, and risks of irregular migration in the West Africa context. This study uses a route-based approach, examining the origin location of migrants, their transit experience, and situation in their respective protracted transit location or desired destination. Drawing on a mixed methods approach the study includes case studies in Mali and Libya, representing an analysis of the migration route of the Ténéré desert crossing of the south-central Sahara.
The overall analysis features the profiles of irregular migrants and the primary factors influencing their migration decisions. It also examines links between food insecurity and irregular migration to understand the risks and address the needs of this increasingly vulnerable population. This study accompanies related studies conducted in Central America, The Complex Motivations and Costs of Central American Migration, and At the root of exodus: Food security, conflict and international migration; to present a similar analysis for the West Africa region. This study is also supported by an additional analysis conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology focussed on a deep dive of protection risks migrants face.

Irregular migration from West Africa is a complex issue that drives tens of thousands of people to undertake perilous journeys (IOM 2020). The most important drivers are wage differentials and those seeking better economic opportunities, although political instability, conflict, and climate change are also contributing factors. The lack of legal and regular pathways for migration often leads to dangerous and deadly journeys across the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea, and ultimately, thousands perish in their pursuit of a better life. The Global Compact for Sage, Orderly, and Regular Migration endorsed by Member States and the UN in 2018, outlines eleven objectives, this study supports objectives 1, 2, and 7.

The International Organization for Migration defines irregular migration as migration that occurs outside of regulatory norms, and unlike refugees, irregular migrants do not have a formal status when crossing international borders (IOM 2011). Due to its clandestine nature, irregular migration flows are difficult to track. However, in 2020, the IOM estimated that there were over 9,000 deaths and disappearances of migrants worldwide, with many of these occurring along the routes taken by irregular migrants from West Africa to Europe. These figures only represent known cases, and the number of deaths and disappearances is likely higher.2 Irregular migrants rely on smugglers to navigate border crossings and treacherous routes to avoid immigration authorities.

Migration is an essential aspect of human development, and it is crucial to ensure irregular migrants who experience adverse shocks are treated with compassion and provided with the necessary support and resources to rebuild their lives safely and with dignity.

From a humanitarian perspective, migrants in transit and protracted transit situations lack basic services and protection. WFP’s Executive Board policy document: WFP’s commitment to the Humanitarian Principles3 (WFP/ EB.A/2004/5-C) reiterates the organization’s responsibility to address the food insecurity and malnutrition needs of vulnerable populations, regardless of location or situation.4 The 2020 Protection and Accountability Policy (WFP/EB.2/2020/4-A/1/Rev.2) furthers WFP’s approach to planning the design and delivery of its programmes and fosters the integration of protection and accountability across a range of functions critical to WFP operations so as to ensure that food assistance is safe, appropriate and received in a dignified manner.

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Peru: Social Protection Pathways to Nutrition Synthesis report (August 2023)

August 30, 2023, 6:29 am

≪ Previous: Algeria: Addressing Irregular Migration through Principled Programmatic Approaches: Examining the West Africa Route and WFP Operations

Countries: Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Peru

Sources: Institute of Development Studies, International Food Policy Research Institute, World Food Programme

Please refer to the attached file.

Summary and recommendations

This report summarises and synthesises the outcomes of a project designed to improve nutritional outcomes that can be achieved through social protection systems in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. It has a particular focus on systems integration and the need to shift from the traditional focus on undernutrition to malnutrition in all its forms (i.e., undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, combined with the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity, sometimes referred to as the ‘double burden’). It provides a policy and operational roadmap for stakeholders seeking to improve the performance of social protection systems within LAC countries; particularly with a view to reducing vulnerabilities and improving nutritional outcomes throughout the life course.

The project consisted of multiple elements, including a scoping of frameworks, evidence review, framework development, stakeholder workshops, and case studies based on 43 interviews across Peru, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, and Ecuador.

A key outcome of this project is the production of two frameworks, which were developed against the backdrop of broader evidence on social protection pathways to nutrition garnered through the case studies and the evidence review and discussed with key internal and external stakeholders at a workshop in June 2022. The frameworks are designed to be a starting point for discussions with government decision makers at a country level, with responsibility both for policy and for programmes. They are intended to help these decision makers to design and implement better social protection systems and related programmes, crucially integrating nutritionsensitive planning both from the start and over the entire programme cycle.

Overall, the project found that while there are some healthy examples of nutrition-sensitive social protection in the LAC region, there are many missed opportunities to address nutrition. In general, social protection planning and design across many countries in the region is not yet drawing on the most recent thinking on nutrition and food systems, particularly the need to consider the multiple burdens of malnutrition existing in each country. This is despite the fact that malnutrition is affecting all countries in the region, adding not only significantly to the health burden but also a significant financial drain on the economy estimated at between 2 and 16 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) (WFP and ECLAC, 2017; CEPAL et al., 2020).

Recommendations emerging from this study and guided by use of the two frameworks include:

• Avoid starting with an ‘instrument first’ approach (e.g., choosing Cash or Food): first assess the system, including the existing landscape of programmes, gaps, population inequities and vulnerabilities and the potential to build agency.

• The need to apply a systems approach simultaneously to social protection and food, rather than considering these separately. This requires joining the dots of cutting-edge thinking from both the social protection and the nutrition/ food systems fields.

• If possible, integrate multiple nutrition-related objectives across the programme cycle, from project design, targeting and implementation through to monitoring, evaluation, and learning.
Currently many programmes are only monitoring obesity and overweight outcomes, but do not incorporate design features or targets that would address these forms of malnutrition directly.

• Use the frameworks and other emerging evidence to guide monitoring along the complete impact pathway to identify gaps in programme assumptions and the need for timely course correction. Monitoring, evaluation, and learning should be adopted as a continual adaptive process with feedback loops to ensure lessons learned improve programme design and implementation.

• Integrate equity aspects from the outset (i.e., during targeting analysis during design), or be prepared to fail in reaching the furthest behind and SDG targets. To reach the overarching ambition of leaving no-one behind, consideration needs to be given to groups who are marginalized by a number of forms of social position, including gender, age, disability, ethnicity, geographical origin, among others, especially when these intersect.

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